Which group of drugs is most likely to cause xerostomia?

The most likely group of drugs to cause xerostomia, or dry mouth, is anti-hypertensives. Many anti-hypertensive medications, specifically those that fall under the categories of diuretics and certain adrenergic agents, are known to have xerostomia as a potential side effect. This occurs because these medications can reduce salivary flow or alter the function of salivary glands.

Understanding the mechanism is key: certain anti-hypertensives affect the autonomic nervous system, which regulates saliva production. Additionally, patients taking these medications often report a sensation of dry mouth, which can lead to discomfort and increase the risk for dental caries and oral infections.

In contrast, while antibiotics can sometimes result in alterations to the oral microbiome that may impact saliva, they are not primarily associated with causing dry mouth. Vitamins generally do not have xerostomia as a side effect; they are typically necessary for optimal oral health. While some analgesics can cause dry mouth, particularly opioids, anti-hypertensives are more consistently recognized for this effect across a wider range of patients taking these medications for managing their blood pressure.